data recipient/third party
A data recipient, or third party, can generally be any natural or legal person other than the actual user of the connected device or related service. A data recipient can therefore be an enterprise commissioned by the user to develop new applications (for example aftermarket and ancillary services such as analysis, repair and maintenance services) on the basis of the data provided. A data recipient can generally also be a competitor of the data holder. However, third parties are not allowed to use the data provided to develop products that compete with the connected product. One general exception is made for enterprises designated as gatekeepers under the Digital Markets Act (DMA): these enterprises may not obtain any data on the basis of the Data Act on account of their dominant market positions. An up-to-date list of designated gatekeepers is available at https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/gatekeepers_en.